Human Development and Life Transition- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Compose an Essay on Human Development and Life Transitions Issues. Answer: Human turn of events and life change The current task centers around the difficulties looked by kid during the time spent achieving likely subjective development and advancement. The youngster jack referenced here faces issue in talking and can't do latrine preparing. The accompanying jobs of medical attendants have been talked about with the assistance of hypotheses. During the time spent achieving expected intellectual development and improvement, youngsters face numerous difficulties (Siegler, 2016).The kid jack referenced here faces issues going through the diverse formative stages. In this specific circumstance, 3-5 years are a significant stage being developed and nurture are required to give exceptional consideration kids having a place with the specific age gathering. Psychological turn of events Piagets could be separated in to various parts, for example, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal activities. The sensorimotor and pre-operational stages are significant as they fill in as the establishment stage for the language preparing and improvement of an individual (Operational advancement depends on the tangible memory which depends on looking and tuning in to the way where grown-ups address each other on the telephone or face to face. The intellectual phases of advancement are connected with the other organic and the psychosocial changes (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). The standardizing advancement in discernment happens dependent on perspective inside the age gathering of 3-5 years. For the situation study, the kid Jack should be placed in a serious development condition supporting the ideal development of the youngster (avoid, 2013). The discernment advancement of the kid could be gotten to by the Piagets hypothesis of subjective turn of events. According to the hypothesis, the kid jack being 3 years of age and falls in the Preoperational phase of subjective advancement (. In this stage, the kid can envision and the instincts of the kid are solid. Nonetheless, preparing intricate and conceptual contemplations are troublesome. The youngster ought to have the option to utilize appropriate sentence structure and language structure to appropriately communicate his contemplations. According to the hypothesis, the kid jack being 3 years of age falls in the Preoperational phase of intellectual turn of events. In this stage, the youngster can envision and instinct of the kid are solid, anyway handling unpredictable and unique musings are troublesome. The youngster ought to have the option to utilize appropriate punctuation and sentence structure to appropriately communicate his considerations. In any case, Jack was exper iencing discourse issues, which made the outflow of clear manners of thinking hard for him. The attendants caring for the consideration worries of the youngster need to separate the mind boggling words into basic justifiable terms. Also, reassuring jack into talking all the more regularly, furnishing the youngster with a well disposed and merciful condition can help in supporting the intellectual improvement of the kid. Besides, promising the kid into talking all the more frequently, giving the kid a well disposed and humane condition can help in supporting the psychological advancement of the kid. Therefore, youth is a significant stage for the improvement of perception. Social turn of events Social improvement is a noteworthy piece of youth. The social improvement of a kid can be clarified through Eriksons social advancement model. Eriksons social advancement model legitimizes the issues looked by the youngster. During this stage, the kid experiences blended sentiments of independence versus disgrace and the kid wouldn't like to step up for self-administration of every day exercises. As remarked by Hechter (2017), association of the youngster in the consideration arranging procedure can help in creating greater interest in the kid. Furthermore, teaching of educated dynamic inside the nursing practices can give more independence to the youngster. The kid jack is additionally confronting issues with advancement of the social decorums concerning imparting obviously and having a decent can control. The job of the medical attendants is to recognize the main driver of the issue and furnish appropriate answers for defeat with the issue. Furthermore, relationship with guardians likewise assumes a basic job in deciding the development and advancement of the kid. Therefore, adequate measure of help from the relatives in the instruction and the education of the youngster can assume a compelling job in the social improvement of the kid. As stated by Howlinet al. (2014), an inviting situation can make the kid progressively proactive and verbally expressive. The social improvement features are structured by the Eriksons phase of social turn of events. The mental and social components mix which increment the social advancement which essentially happens in 8 phases (Doise, et al, 2013).The first stage is needy primarily on making inquiries in which they are reliant on mother for answerting questions like Can the world be trusted. In the age of 2-7, a kid has a will to realize which incorporate models, for example, latrine preparing and dealing with their every day necessities without anyone else. For this situation, the offspring of Vanessa had issues duringtoilet preparing. This brought about the weakness of learning aptitudes in the kid (unyHart, 2013). The contextual investigation demonstrates that Jack is likewise confronting issues with the advancement of the social decorums as to conveying unmistakably and having a decent latrine control. Moreover, relationship with guardians additionally assumes acritical job in deciding the development and advancement of the youngster. In this manner, adequate measure of help from the relatives in the instruction and the education of the youngster can assume a successful job in the social improvement of the kid. As remarked by Lillardet al. (2013), financial imperatives can likewise impede the ideal development and social improvement of the kid by constraining the resources.The social factors additionally assume a tremendous job in the development and advancement of the youngster. The part of decrease in social improvement of youngsters could be credited to less collaboration with guardians and society when all is said in done. Here, Vygotskys hypothesis of intellectual advancement can be mulled over, where the social improvement of a youngster is gone before by associations with the network. As remarked by Schore (2015), qualities and the wellbeing together assume jobs behind the social and learning improvement. The physical turn of events and wellbeing states of the kid are different components. On the off chance that the pressure is resembled during the turn of events, at that point the subjective advancement can be weakened. Unexpected frailty of a youngster influences the reasoning, thinking, cooperating and learning strategy of the kid which is vital during their discourse and learning advancement (Lillard et al, 2013) . Piagets hypothesis will support the medical attendants and birthing specialists both in directing Vanessa to take powerful estimates that will be useful for the improvement of the kid. The medical attendants and the birthing assistants can cooperate with mother and will cause her to comprehend the main driver of misery has lead to weakness in learning of the youngster (Howlin et al, 2014). The medical attendant can assume a compelling job in the general social and psychological advancement of the youngster. A portion of these can be accomplished by supporting approaches for better access to appropriate lodging, learning and nutritious food. The medical caretaker can assume a viable job in the general social and psychological improvement of the kid. A portion of these can be accomplished by upholding strategies for better access to appropriate lodging, learning and nutritious food. Sustenance has been believed to assume solid job in the discernment advancement of the youngster. Moreover, supporting the advancement of legitimate child rearing abilities through network activity program could be helpful. Hence, placing Vanessa in one of these network programs was a decent other option. Sustenance has been seento assume solid job in the discernment improvement of the kid. Also, supporting the advancement of legitimate child rearing abilities through network activity program could be helpful (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). End The exposition has concentrated on youth improvement by drawing on a contextual investigation of Jack. This hypothesis additionally helps the medical caretaker and maternity specialists in managing the guardians to acquire viable measures in the best possible improvement of the youngster. This hypothesis additionally helps the medical attendant and birthing assistants in managing the guardians to acquire powerful measures in the best possible improvement of the youngster. The attendant likewise viably helps in social advancement of the kid by recognizing and executing the fitting answers for beat the challenges in legitimate correspondence and great can control. In this way it tends to be inferred that the medical attendant assume a significant job in the general improvement of a youngster. In this way, there is no uncertainty that medical caretakers ought to comprehend the centrality of youth advancement. References Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (Eds.). (2014).Sustainability bookkeeping and responsibility. Routledge. Bjorklund, D. F., Causey, K. B. (2017).Children's reasoning: Cognitive turn of events and individual contrasts. London: Sage Publications. DeVellis, R. F. (2016).Scale turn of events: Theory and applications(Vol. 26). Sage distributions. Doise, W., Mugny, G., James, A. S., Emler, N., Mackie, D. (2013).The social improvement of the intellect(Vol. 10). Elsevier. Hart, R. A. (2013).Children's support: The hypothesis and practice of including youthful residents in network advancement and ecological consideration. Routledge. Hechter, M. (2017).Internal expansionism: the Celtic periphery in British national turn of events. Abingdon: Routledge. Howlin, P., Savage, S., Moss, P., Tempier, A., Rutter, M. (2014). Psychological and language aptitudes in grown-ups with chemical imbalance: a 40?year follow?up.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,55(1), 49-58. Lillard, A. S., Lerner, M. D., Hopkins, E. J., Dore, R. A., Smith, E. D., Palmquist, C. M. (2013). The effect of imagine play on kids' turn of events: A survey of the evidence.Psycholo

Definition and Examples of an Anecdote

Definition and Examples of an Anecdote A story is a concise story, a short record of an intriguing or entertaining occurrence generally expected to represent or bolster some point in a paper, article, or section of a book. Contrast this with other artistic terms, for example, illustration where the entire story is a similitude and  vignetteâ (a brief enlightening story or account). The terms descriptive word structure isâ anecdotal.â In The Healing Heart: Antidotes to Panic and Helplessness, Norman Cousins composed, The author makes his living byâ anecdotes. He look through them out and cuts them as the crude materials of his calling. No tracker following his prey is increasingly aware of the nearness of his quarry than an essayist searching for little episodes that illuminate human conduct. Models Consider the utilization of a story to show something like the scholarly form of words generally can't do a picture justice. For instance, use tales to show a people character or perspective: Albert Einstein: There was something subtly offbeat about Einstein. It is outlined by my favoriteâ anecdoteâ about him. In his first year in Princeton, on Christmas Eve, so the story goes, a few kids sang songs outside his home. Having completed, they thumped on his entryway and clarified they were gathering cash to purchase Christmas presents. Einstein tuned in, at that point stated, Wait a second. He put on his scarf and jacket and took his violin from its case. At that point, joining the kids as they went from entryway to entryway, he went with their singing of Silent Night on his violin.(Banesh Hoffman, My Friend, Albert Einstein. Readers Digest, January 1968)Ralph Waldo Emerson: In [Ralph Waldo] Emersons later years his memory started progressively to fall flat. He used to allude to it as his insidious memory when it let him down. He would overlook the names of things, and need to allude to them in aâ circumlocutoryâ way, saying, for example, the actualize that develo ps the dirt for plow.(Reported in Clifton Fadiman, ed., The Little, Brown Book of Anecdotes, 1985) Conceptualize to Choose the Right Anecdote In the first place, consider what you need to outline. For what reason would you like to utilize a tale in the story? Realizing this should help conceptualize the story to pick. At that point make a rundown of arbitrary thoughts. Simply free-stream the musings onto the page. Look at your rundown. Will any be anything but difficult to introduce in clear and compact enough way? At that point sketch out the nuts and bolts of the conceivable account. Will it carry out the responsibility? Will it bring additional layers of proof or importance to the point youre attempting to pass on? Assuming this is the case, create it further. Set everything up and portray what occurred. Dont get too verbose with it, on the grounds that youre simply utilizing this as an outline to your bigger thought. Change to your central matter, and notice back to the tale where required for accentuation. Narrative Evidence The expressionâ anecdotal evidenceâ refers to the utilization of specific cases or concreteâ examplesâ to bolster a generalâ claim. Such data (once in a while alluded to disparagingly as gossip) might be convincing yet doesn't, in itself, provideâ proof. An individual may have narrative proof that going exposed to the harsh elements of reality with wet hair makes the person in question wiped out, however relationship isn't equivalent to causation.

A word about the humanities

A word about the humanities On the Coming of Winter in Boston November peels away like buttery sheathes of apple-crisp, sizzled brown skin off a roasted turkey that your grandmother accidentally stuffed with snow As you can see, the existence of the humanities at MIT is non-trivial. In fact, I have just proved this fact in such a way as to cause e.e. cummings to weep in his grave. As an MIT student, I devote at minimum ten hours a week to thinking about the humanities, listening to lectures about the humanities, going to recitations about the humanities, writing papers about the humanities, eating lunch with the humanities, working on problem sets about the humanities, going to off-campus events about the humanities, and generally making sure that the humanities dont unfriend me on Facebook. In my endeavors, I am greatly assisted by the MIT HASS (Humanities and Social Sciences) course requirements. By assisted, I mean something more like “forced to comply in order to graduate,” but let us not fret about semantics. HASS, in a vague and deformed nutshell, is MITs method of making sure that students take at least one humanities/communication class per semester. As you may be able to surmise, Im trying to avoid telling you anything specific about the HASS requirements because there is a 93% chance that I will say something that is completely imaginary, spurring a horde of upperclassmen blog commenters to descend like locusts upon a ripe orchard of false information. Anyway, the main point is that (1) thinking too much about the HASS requirements will erode your massive brainpower, which is why I dont do it and instead just listen to my advisor when I have to pick classes, and (2) HASS is kind of awesome, even if the requirement descriptions are written like a psycholinguistics aptitude exam. This semester, Paul B. and I both selected Introduction to Linguistics (24.900) as our HASS course. The workload involves: 2 five-page papers Regular fieldwork with a native speaker of a foreign language (read: some random international student in your hall) A midterm but no final 4 or 5 problem sets A ten-page final paper Laughing at Professor Norvin Richards jokes and/or beard and/or beard jokes Realizing why the “and/or” construction is actually redundant but using it anyway One of the reasons why 24.900 is an amazing course is that the problem set solutions can look like this. Keep in mind, Im referring to a humanities class. Also: Problem sets involve writing sentences that sound uber-loony when taken out of context. Also: Lecture slides can legitimately remind you of the day you discovered Paint in Windows 95. Interestingly, it seems that about half of the theories covered in 24.900 were written by MIT professor Noam Chomsky, whose Wikipedia page is about as long as that of Switzerland. Speaking of famous writers at MIT, Pulitzer-Prize winning MIT professor Junot Diaz gave a reading of his Pulitzer-Prize winning novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao a few months ago in the non-Pulitzer-Prize winning Stata Center. After first hearing about The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao in the brief, wondrous blog of Matt McGann over the summer, I entered a long and fruitless cycle of (1) going to Borders, (2) intending to buy the novel, and (3) failing to reach the d-section of the alphabetized-by-last-name bookshelves without becoming irrevocably distracted. Blasted Truman Capote. So I showed up to Diazs reading, regrettably bookless, and was magically endowed with a free copy of the novel, courtesy of MIT and FASAP. Elated, I flipped the cover . . . And wondered why some literature-despising philistine had defaced the title page. That is, until I was told that Junot Diaz had personally autographed every last book. (Trust me, its his signature. He won a Pulitzer for literature, not for autographing.) It almost goes without saying that Junot Diaz was brilliantly witty, humble, and daringly honest, with hand gestures to prove it. I was inspired to go forth and fill the Internet with art, which is why youre reading this right now. Here, Junot Diaz does something that I have never done before. That is, read his book. Luckily, I have a four-hour plane flight on Thursday, so I shall proceed to rescue myself from literary starvation as I feast on overpriced peanuts.

Everyday Use Literary Analysis - 1021 Words

Everyday Use Literary Analysis Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short, yet powerful story about a simple, rural family that’s changed with the return of one of the daughters. Maggie and â€Å"Mama† continue to keep the tradition of a simple and hardworking life that seems to be passed down from generations, but we see that Dee has been a black sheep since a young age and holds resentment toward her family because of their lifestyle. Mama was raised into this lifestyle and has become satisfied and happy with it. With her man-ish skills she readily adopts the chores of the life she’s accepted, but like any parent, wants the best she possible can for her dear daughters. Maggie, like her mother, lacks many natural gifts like beauty or brains,†¦show more content†¦All of this Mama and Maggie bore as a quiet audience as they watched Dee’s show, but it wasn’t over. Although their kindness, and Mama’s generosity, was bei ng strained, ‘Wangero’ paid no thought to them, and soon she found their limit. The weight of Dee’s act was setting mainly on the shoulders of Mama as she watched Dee prance around the house, belittling everything in sight as Maggie cowered in her fear and discomfort. However, as Dee set her sights on two special quilts, heirlooms that were promised to Maggie, Mama could no longer ignore the problem. Once Dee used her relationship with her to test the relationship between her and Maggie, she was forced to act and set things straight. Finally she saw the vast gap in fortune the two girls had, and how such expectation for disappointment made Maggie give up the quilts, what little she was ever assured. Mama knew then what to do. This ungrateful, insatiable girl could no longer feed off the two of them whenever she pleased, and so Mama cut Dee from her selfish fantasies. The second Mama told her no, Dee’s attitude turned an entire 180 degrees, but Mama knew wh at she was doing. So with nothing left for her at the house, Dee, and her unusual accomplice, left, but not without showing more condescension by telling Maggie what she could do to be better. Dee and her family had grown worlds apart, and before being pushed to herShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use Literary Analysis Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesMother vs. Daughter In the short story called â€Å"Everyday Use,† by Alice Walker, the mother daughter conflict theme is portrayed throughout the whole story. The oldest daughter Dee constantly believes that she is better than the rest of the family causing a family feud about who gets the cherished quilt. Dee has always been on a pedestal over her family and she soon finds out that it is no longer the case. Once she finds this out conflict arises. The biggest conflict lies between Mama and DeeRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker1083 Words   |  5 PagesUse (Literary analysis on Everyday Use by Alice Walker) Everyday many people use the same things such as phones, cars, sinks, washer, refrigerators, and etc. In 100 years would you can future ancestors still have those things but only use them as decoration or use them still no matter how old they are because that is what they are made for? Everyday Use by Alice walker is a story of an African American family that had two daughter that live a very different reality. Maggie being scarred from aRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker771 Words   |  4 Pages Most readers see what is shown on the surface, but do not go deeper between the lines. There are two different ways readers can interpret â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker. The first one being Dee/Wangero comes home as a new person with a new attitude. Dee’s mother sees her as a person who,†...washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t need to know.†Ã‚ ¬ (Walker 53). The other way the short story could be read is Mama shares the story in her point of view, whichRead MoreLiterary Language And Everyday Language1530 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Language and Everyday Language What is a Language? At first glance, the question about what is the language might be strange, because we have been using language extemporarily, unconsciously for centuries ago. Nevertheless, the language is the essence difference between human beings and animals, due to what language offers to humans. It enables them to have a history and live the present as well as for planning for the future. furthermore, it is our major tool to communicate ,expressRead MoreTMA01 Plan MattBrayshaw1530 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, The art of English: everyday creativity: (a) Ronald Carter, ‘Common Language: corpus, creativity and cognition’, pp. 29–37. (b) Rukmini Bhaya Nair, ‘Implicature and impliculture in the short, short story and the tall, tall tale’, pp. 97–102. Summarise the main points of your chosen reading, and evaluate, with reference to other material in the module you have engaged with to date, the extent to which it helps you understand how to identify creativity in everyday language. Introduction OftenRead MoreAnalysis Of Walker s Everyday Use863 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† The short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† by Alice Walker, contains multiple different literary elements. History and heritage play a key role in the development and conclusion of this rather intriguing story. Although history and heritage are important, the driving factors of this story are the literary elements. In particular the elements of symbols, characterization, and point of view in this story are significant. The use of symbols in this short story provide a deeperRead MoreDescribing Stylistics as a Concept in English Studies Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagese. judge the literary worth on stylistic criteria), but more commonly attempts to simply analyse and describe the workings of texts which have already been selected as noteworthy on other grounds. Stylistic analysis in linguistics refers to the identification of patterns of usage in speech and writing. Analyses can appear objective, detailed and technical, even requiring computer assistance, but some caution is needed. Stylistic analysis in literary studies is usuallyRead MoreEssay about the men admiring themselves on the water891 Words   |  4 PagesThemselves In The water† which seems too short but includes more than what it looks in terms of meaning. Here, I tried to analyze his great but seeming little poem in terms of the physical characteristics of the poem,literary devices used in poem , emotions I have been felt by these literary devices,meaning of the poem and finally Why I chose this poem to analyze . Firstly ,I analyzed the rhyme scheme of poem as a only stanza and I found it one of the most unfamiliar rhyme scheme I have ever seenRead MoreGender: Annotated Bibliography Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pages Mills, S. (2012). Gender Matters: Frminist Linguistic Analysis. London : Equinox. Gender Matters is a collection of various essays on feminist linguistic texts analysis, by Sara Mills. 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A Study On Slavery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2772 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Slavery Essay Did you like this example? Slavery was very popular during the civil in American. This paper is going to find out the incident and the impact of slave at the time of war. This war in America had a thoughtful effect on the era of slaves. It however eventually brought about their elimination. American slaves arrived in America in the year 1619. The subversive Railway was among the main channel through which slaves could get liberty. This idea came from northerners to assist escaped slaves in getting a place to be located in liberated states. The Free black Americans planed the Underground Railroad. It is believed that thousands of people channeled all the way through the dissident Railroad to fight and get their liberty. In Ohio the Underground Railroad was commonly used. The national battle was fought partly under the subject of slavery. Northern inhabitants by no means sustained the slavery progress contrasted to the southern residents. The Northern people had no great need of slaves as the residents of the South. The northern people mainly owned, managed, and worked in factories as well as pounds. In the Southern states they they were cotton growers therefore required a lot of despicable worker for their cotton estates. So the slaves were highly required. However Slavery was not the meticulous grounds of the national war. The incalculable differences resulting from the slavery matter motivated the states in the Southern   to break away. Abraham Lincoln was elected as president of the United State of Americain 1860.the states in the south on no account nominated for him. Lincoln with his Republican party was striving to bring to an end the growth of slavery and never to eradicate it. Nevertheless White Southerners were not at all convinced by the assurance made by Lincoln to protect slavery where it managed to survive. South Carolina had long-established its withdrawal from the fusion if Abraham Lincoln was selected, this actually happened in December 1861. It was tracked shortly by the other subordinate South states counting Mississippi, Alabama along with the others. Later a month prior to Lincoln was sown-in; these states had fashioned the associate States of USA. Subsequent to Lincolns demand for the willing citizens to hold support the revolt along with the dismiss on Fort Sumter, the intermission of the slave states of North Carolina, Arkansas with the rest united in the Confederacy. Maryland had combined along with other neighbor slave regions. The report of African American slavery in United States of America can be alienated into two phase: the first coordinated during the colonial era ,about 1650 to 1790; the next existed from American liberty throughout the national War, 1790 to 1865. Previous to freedom, slavery existed in all the US colonies furthermore they were not a subject matter of sectional focus. With the coming of self-government, however, the latest Northern states came out to see slavery as contradictory to th e principles of the Revolution as well as organization plans of slow discharge. By 1820 only about 3,000 slaves were obtainable in the North, roughly all of them working on big farms in New Jersey. Slavery perhaps would be stopped more easily in the Northern states because of smaller number slaves in those locations, and they were never intended to be a vital part of Northern monetary system. A lot of free guys were available to do various jobs done by the slaves. In fact, the demand from the majority to elimination of slavery did not come as a result of those who outlooked it ethically incorrect but as an out come of white manual men who never required slaves as competitors for their jobs. Circumstances in the newly created state in the Southern part were slightly different. The African American inhabitants both slave as well as liberated ones were in a big deal advanced. In Virginia as well as South Carolina in 1790 almost half of the inhabitants were of African ascent. Other f rom the South also comprised of great black minorities. Due to their entrenched racial prejudice along with lack of knowledge about the complicated civilization in Africa where the majority slaves came; Southern whites were convinced that open-minded blacks would be a risk to the white endurance. Southern peoples held that slaves were needed as a technique to control race. The financial responsibility played by the slaves was evenly significance to the states in the south. These states depended mostly on the agricultural part of their financial system more than the Northern states. A big deal of the wealth of in regions like Georgia was from the cash crops grown by the slaves. Indeed, several white living in the South never held that white men needed to take part in the wearing labor crucial to grow tobacco, fiber, rice as well as indigo with was the main source of cash produce the region. As a result of these aspects, the inhibitors of the south were dogged to keep slavery subseque nt to the rebellion. Consequently they started the deadly splitting up flanked by Free states amid slave states that brought about sectionalism moreover causing civil war. The financial partition flanked by the Northern as well as southern states can be found among one of the outstanding fundamentals of the national War. The citizens from the states in the Southern regularly thought that the central government was never just towards those states in the North, in addition on the issuing of the   authority of secession, it just worsen the   matter. The real war occurred when the Confederate equipped forces attacked military installation in united state of America. What later happened was a atrocious episode of 4years, in which thousands of peoples in Americans, above all the youth lost their lives. a mixture of historians have expected that the succession of slavery in nearly all New World nations can be divided into three phases: developmental, high-profit as well as decadent. During the developmental moment, slaves had to clear bushes from unoccupied jungles for planting and constructions of dams, ditches, infrastructure, as well as necessary structures for farming practice. In the next, high-profit period, the slaves owner got huge amount of cash from the cash produce grown for overseas export. In these previous two phases, slavery was tremendously cruel. Throughout developmental period, slaves toiled very hard  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   even though at some point they risked their lives due to harsh conditions from antagonistic residents. The work of clearing ground along with doing heavy construction jobs was very hard; since they never had modern machines. It was particularly tough in the hot, moist climatic weather conditions in the South. all through the high-profit phase, slaves were preoccupied without mercy to cultivate the crops for sell. An ineffective crop could make the cultivator to drop his original investment in ground, slaves and may be suffer insolvency. In the other hand successful harvest could bring more returns though the slaves were recurrently worked more than what normal human being could endure.. The final, wicked phase of slavery was attained when the land grown cash produce happened to be exhausted as a result of nutrients deficiency. When that happened, the slave organization typically turned out to be more comfortable with a decline of labor-intensive. Agricultural estate managers turned to planting cereals like corn. Masters needed lesser slaves who were never enforced to labor as hard because the farming of these crops needed a reduced amount of work. This form is practical in scrutinizing the progression of slaves from the South linking sovereignty as well as the Civil War. The process, however, varied notably from state to state. Persons of the upper South primarily passed all the way in the course of the developmental along with high-profit stages prior to American independence. In 1790, Maryla nd along with Virginia planter could no longer produce the plentiful reap of tobacco which had been making them to be rich in the past eighteenth century, since their top soil was exhausted. As a result they had to start a lesser amount of blue-collar and less profitable produce e.g. grains. This resulted to excess slaves. This also made the cultivators to start the process of freeing several of their slaves following the revolt. a number of the cultivators were doing this since considered the principles of human independence. Others, however, had other sarcastic reason. Their extra slaves had turn into a saddle to house and feed. In reply, they enlightened the old along with feeble slaves. Ironically, one of the leading laws in Virginia restraining the rights of masters to set free their slaves was accepted for the well being of the slaves. It hindered the owners of the slaves power to release worthless slaves, this made them to throwing them in the hands of community charity so as to goon with their lives. Most of the southern slave holders had in their minds that slavery would gradually fade away since there were no jobs and their masters were not ready to support them in any way. Two first and foremost unconnected events that cleared the problems of a extra slave population especially in the upper south, and making slavery to be well-established in all states in the southern part of the region, as well as establishing what is referred as the antebellum South; were the novelty of the cotton gin in addition to the dying of the global slave deal in 1808. The cotton gin is a moderately simple apparatus previous to the invention of the gin; just long-staple cotton could be full-fledged for earnings. Its yielding fibers permitted allowed effortless elimination of its seeds.   This drag of cotton produced in America only along the beach and Sea isles of Southern Carolina and Georgia. In variation, short-staple cotton possibly would grow in   any lev eled surface area of the South lower than Virginia. Before the innovation of the cotton gin, slave had to takea lot of hours to remove the seed of a single pound of fur,†. The machine could prepare more than 100 pounds of cotton within an hour. The innovation of the machine permitted the plantation of short-staple cotton in the southern states. Along with this progress in cotton growing there was a constraint on the supply of slaves needed to grow it. The trans-Atlantic slave agreement was among the savage and merciless performance ever engaged by natives having European descent. The writers of the bill were well aware of all its short comings, however they had aready planned   allow the trade to continue for 20years after the bill was authorized.this was to terrorate with the weight of slave administrator in the lower southern part; consequently, it was not until 1808 that assembly passed legislation terminating the deal. These two incidencesthe discovery of a means of making the growing of short-staple fiber along with the terrains and the restrictions on the provision of slaves needed to generate it-resulted to the unique antebellum slave configuration of the Southern state. It led several Southerners to be wealthier and it also geared the the cost levels of slaves costly. Among the out come was the better treatment of various slaves in America compared to those in a dissimilar place in the New globe,this is not to saythat American slave owners were better.no it is for the fact that they were not easy to get   so it was also costly to put back. Their cost enlarged steadily from the year1802 to 1860. The drop in the profitability of slavery appeared to have come up with additional comfortable and open administration for most slaves living in the southern states. Since slaves were just required in a small numberon agricultural estate,manyin this case were allowed by their boss to reside in town moreover be employer somewhere and be s haring abit oftheir income with them. This gave more profit to their masters.the actions really motivated the slaves since they wre now having freedom.most of them started saving sufficient money from their earnings to obtain their freedom from their boss through money. This more contented systembrought about other characteristic of slave living in the upper South. It proves that most slaves in Virginia as well as Maryland weregiven permission to marry and have children of their own, although these relations never had had a lawful position. They subsisted only through authorization of the master. Furthermore, regulations alongside literacy and conducting services in the church were highly assumed. confederacy also made use of the slaves to lead its war attempt. The White inhibitors of the Southern states, having been informed about the African Americans built-in weakness, never stopped employing the slaves to work militarily than the white in the Northerners. The correlate governmen t neverused them as armed forces, nevertheless it did shove them into manual struggle squad to build walls, excavate latrines, along with lug supplies. Loads of slaves worked for the Confederacy in an approach not liked by both the bondsmen and their proprietors. The slave work overwhelmed into manual labor on the front position was normally more difficult and dangerous. Slaves at the frontage were very much observed than on their habitation farms to avoid them escaping. Moreover, those allotted to work with the associate army were commonly young men between 18 and40 years. Their main work with the military disadvantaged them their comfortable time with their partners and family. The landlords of the slave, for their part, were undecided to put their close men to the facade for two causes. First, they feared the trouncing of their precious property, and, succeeding reason was that men were commonly overworked and physically abused, they often went back to their quarters in very unlu cky physical condition. As a result, the owners regularly contrived to drive the uncontrollable and therefore smallest number gainful slaves to the army. During the war, intimidating to drive a slave to the front part turned out to be the castigatory corresponding to terrifying to trade a slave beyond South in days of antebellum. Mockingly, as the Souths grounds turned out to be troubled, the bosses happened to be more and lazier to get their slaves to the military camp. Slavery was coming to an end; nevertheless those slave owners who would be much affected had to depend tirelessly to their human properties, thus preserving the one outstanding source that is able to save them along with their nation at large. The shortage of white manpower made the South to have no other alternative to consider than to put slaves to toil in its industrial division and quarries. Most slaves were employed by Richmond to work in his mines. The Augusta armaments industries of Georgia also were mainl y organized by bondsmen. Thousands of slaves labored to make sure that the Southern railing lines are always working. As with service on the front lines it was harsher than being on the agricultural estates and slaves could oppose it whenever given a chance. Even though their input was taken out unwillingly, slaves in manufacture and on the battleground made it possible for the South to battle longer than humans expectations. In the finishing anxious days of the battle, the union yet considered making use of blacks as Territorial Army, offering deliverance as recompense. The Union had stroked that deal 2years before. The suggestion from the people from the south was ready in February 1865 and accepted, in partitions, on March 13 of same year. At that moment Southerners people of equally races were aware that the union was predestined. Richmond fell in a period less than 30days. The condition was never set into practice and no slaves with approval served as armed forces in the ass ociate Military. Once the northern State gave up the very final leftovers of authorized slavery, in the age group after the Revolution, their purpose were a amalgamation of decency, ethics, and values; fear of a growing black population; sensible economics; along with the actuality that the activist warfare had cleaned out the Northern slave owners ability and exhausted off much of the slave population. Exclusion was New Jersey, where the slave inhabitants actually bloated throughout the battle. Slavery remained there awaiting the national War. The advertising in liberation in the North led to straightforward affairs. Some slave owners were remunerated while the unchained slaves were well cared for both financially as well as politically in their home communities. Furthermore whatever thing the states structure would support deserter slaves from somewhere else to inhabit nearby. Nevertheless in the in broad conservative, general progression of emancipating a little number of Nort hern slaves, the Northern directors turned contrasting slavery as a countrywide problem. Slaves without a doubt played a key role in the complete revolution of America and their contact will remain eternally, in the hearts of the American community. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Study On Slavery" essay for you Create order

In Harms Way Free Essays

Essay over In Harm’s Way By Doug Stanton | Would captain Mcvay still be alive today if he hadn’t been convicted of failing to zigzag or sending out a distress signal? Would his life have been different? This essay will concentrate on what took place aboard the ship and the continuing debate on the guilt of Captain Charles Butler Mcvay III in the tragedy of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis. Mcvay was descended from a long line of navy men. He attended the Naval War College and completed his studies in International law. We will write a custom essay sample on In Harms Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now After leaving the naval war college, he worked on twelve different ships in the Atlantic and in the Pacific. In 1943, he was executive officer of the cruiser Cleveland in the battle of Solomon Islands and was honored for his service with the Silver Star. Later, he was appointed chairman of the Joint Intelligence Staff in the Office of Vice Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, DC. Mcvay was skilled and experienced man. He was taught by the best, and the navy knew he was ready to become Captain. With years of training, Mcvay was given the position of captain for the first time in 1945, to the USS Indianapolis. Mcvay’s first assignment was to leave San Francisco and deliver what was known as the â€Å"little Boy,† an atomic bomb to be dropped on Hiroshima. This was a top secret mission. What at first appeared to be a smooth operation would become a terrible ordeal. On Sunday July 29th, 1945, during the return of the secret mission the USS Indy was mortally wounded by two torpedoes and sank in minutes. This would have been prevented if a destroy escort would have been assigned. Ignored in the battlefield sea of Guam for five days, the 1,196 soldiers (not including the ones that died from the torpedoes) underwent five dreadful days in the middle of the Pacific Ocean only 317 brave soldiers made it home. An estimated 50 per day were eaten by sharks. Why no one warned captain Mcvay about the enemies lurking the Peddie route is unquestionable. Then to blame Captain Mcvay for failing to zigzag or sending out a distress signal in a timely manner is most definitely not fair. Before departing to Leyte, Mcvay asked if having escort was necessary. Unknown to Captain Mcvay, three days before the USS Indy’s departure for Leyte, the destroyer escort USS Underhill had been hit by torpedoes along the Peddie trail. Mcvay was not notified of this danger because intelligence matters were not discussed with captains. Had Mcvay been warned of this situation, he would have never put his crew in danger. The ship was ready to leave on Monday July 16, 1945. Inwardly Mcvay was tense but calm. He was taught by the best and was ready for anything. Not Long before July 26th, 1945, just before Mcvay had convinced himself that the secret mission would go smoothly, he was assigned to follow in the same route that Japanese submarines were waiting. The ride was going smooth. There was no sign of Japanese submarines, but heavy cloud cover was highly limiting visibility. Mcvay was told that he could cease zigzagging in conditions that limited his visibility. The intelligence report assured him that his route was clear of enemy traffic, but Lt. Commander Hashimoto, in charge of a Japanese sub was in the position of the USS Indy. At 12:04pm he fired, â€Å"the first torpedo hit the forward starboard or right side and blew an estimated sixty- feet of the bow skyward. It was simply obliterated. The second explosion occurred closer to midship and was even more massive† (102) the ship was blown in half. In this situation, all the captain could do was rely on his intuition and knowledge. As soon as this happen, Mcvay told Commander John Janney to head to radio room 1 and send out a distress message, that the ship had been hit by a torpedo. Mcvay’s message â€Å"we need assistance, on the double† (106). Mcvay needed Lt. Orr to help assist with the message but it was no use, the water had damaged both radio shack rooms. Mcvay now looked for further direction and support but was unsuccessful and knew he was in danger. Mcvay knew that the ship had acquired a lot of damage, but in his mind he felt strongly that the USS Indianapolis and his crew would be saved. There was absolutely nothing that Mcvay could to do stay clear of these torpedoes but wait for backup. Mcvay was left with two alternatives: Abandon ship and undergo possible court martial, or not abandon ship and lose more lives. Mcvay choose to abandon ship. It was the only choice he had left. Mcvay would take full responsibility for his actions. In this situation Mcvay could only fight for what he believed was right. Due to confusion and misunderstanding at the destination arrival port, the crew of the USS Indy would be left to fend for their selves for a long horrifying five days. Meanwhile, the surviving crew had been floating at sea for a shocking five days. Their bodies were deteriorated from the salt water. Broken arms and legs filled them with unbearable pain. The shark attacks were something out of a horror movie and the minutes felt like forever. â€Å"Don’t give up, men,† (179) Mcvay told his crew, while every moment he felt like giving up himself. Even though it wasn’t Mcvay fault, he began to fill with guilt. All communication had been cut off and there were no rescue boats or plans in sight for days, what more could Mcvay have done? On Thursday august 2nd, Lt. Wilbur Gwinn, a pilot of a Ventura scout bomber lost his weight from the navigational antenna in back of the plane. Turning back, to base, he would make a remarkable discovery. He described the scene as looking like an oil slick. As he followed the trail he wasn’t sure what it had come from, but he was now on a mission. Bodies were scattered everywhere. Floating men appeared covered in oil from the explosion, half eaten and exhausted. He immediately would call for rescue at 11:25, Lt. Gwinn sent out a message to the headquarters on Peleliu stating â€Å"sighted 30 survivors 011-30 North 133-30 East† (216). Unfortunately this was the first report of the USS Indy being lost. At his trail, Mcvay was charged with â€Å"failure to zigzag in conditions that it considered good with intermittent moonlight; and his failure to send out a distress message in a timely manner. † Those families that never saw their son or sons again, would later feel betrayed and lied to. The families were simply convinced that Mcvay was at fault. He was convicted and demoted 100 points in permanent rank and also in temporary rank, meaning he could never become admiral again and this meant his career was over. He was tough though. He was â€Å"a navy man and he would live and die by its rules† (267). With all the evidence that supported Mcvay, he was still convicted of the crime. This was not fair, Mcvay should have never been charged for someone else’s mistake. Life could have been much easier for him, if he had been rewarded with a metal of bravery and honor. As the years passed and a Christmas or any holiday would arrive, Mcvay would receive letters from the families who sons had died at sea blaming him for their death. He would collect save all the letters for a reminder of what he had done. Years went by and Charles Butler Mcvay III never again felt the same. He blamed himself for what went wrong. Captain Mcvay could no longer deal with the pain and remorse anymore. One evening he walked outside on to his back porch and shot himself in the head. People can’t imagine what it was like to be stranded in the Pacific Ocean and to not know if you are going to live or die. Only the survivors know how truly terrible this ordeal was. Many lives could have been saved if just one mistake could have been avoided, in a long line of mistakes. If the USS Indy had been escorted during the Peddie route, would this have saved the crew from undergoing an attack? What if Mcvay was never told to cease zigzagging in conditions that limited his view? Could this have prevented the torpedoes from hitting the Indy? Would it had mattered if the USS Indy’s distress call was heard and back up had arrived in time to save her from sinking? All of these could have possibly been avoided, but we will never know. What we know is that Charles Butler Mcvay III was convicted of a crime. He became the navy’s scapegoat. This was a terrible injustice and he was simply sent out In Harm’s Way. How to cite In Harms Way, Papers

In Harms Way Free Essays

Essay over In Harm’s Way By Doug Stanton | Would captain Mcvay still be alive today if he hadn’t been convicted of failing to zigzag or sending out a distress signal? Would his life have been different? This essay will concentrate on what took place aboard the ship and the continuing debate on the guilt of Captain Charles Butler Mcvay III in the tragedy of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis. Mcvay was descended from a long line of navy men. He attended the Naval War College and completed his studies in International law. We will write a custom essay sample on In Harms Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now After leaving the naval war college, he worked on twelve different ships in the Atlantic and in the Pacific. In 1943, he was executive officer of the cruiser Cleveland in the battle of Solomon Islands and was honored for his service with the Silver Star. Later, he was appointed chairman of the Joint Intelligence Staff in the Office of Vice Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, DC. Mcvay was skilled and experienced man. He was taught by the best, and the navy knew he was ready to become Captain. With years of training, Mcvay was given the position of captain for the first time in 1945, to the USS Indianapolis. Mcvay’s first assignment was to leave San Francisco and deliver what was known as the â€Å"little Boy,† an atomic bomb to be dropped on Hiroshima. This was a top secret mission. What at first appeared to be a smooth operation would become a terrible ordeal. On Sunday July 29th, 1945, during the return of the secret mission the USS Indy was mortally wounded by two torpedoes and sank in minutes. This would have been prevented if a destroy escort would have been assigned. Ignored in the battlefield sea of Guam for five days, the 1,196 soldiers (not including the ones that died from the torpedoes) underwent five dreadful days in the middle of the Pacific Ocean only 317 brave soldiers made it home. An estimated 50 per day were eaten by sharks. Why no one warned captain Mcvay about the enemies lurking the Peddie route is unquestionable. Then to blame Captain Mcvay for failing to zigzag or sending out a distress signal in a timely manner is most definitely not fair. Before departing to Leyte, Mcvay asked if having escort was necessary. Unknown to Captain Mcvay, three days before the USS Indy’s departure for Leyte, the destroyer escort USS Underhill had been hit by torpedoes along the Peddie trail. Mcvay was not notified of this danger because intelligence matters were not discussed with captains. Had Mcvay been warned of this situation, he would have never put his crew in danger. The ship was ready to leave on Monday July 16, 1945. Inwardly Mcvay was tense but calm. He was taught by the best and was ready for anything. Not Long before July 26th, 1945, just before Mcvay had convinced himself that the secret mission would go smoothly, he was assigned to follow in the same route that Japanese submarines were waiting. The ride was going smooth. There was no sign of Japanese submarines, but heavy cloud cover was highly limiting visibility. Mcvay was told that he could cease zigzagging in conditions that limited his visibility. The intelligence report assured him that his route was clear of enemy traffic, but Lt. Commander Hashimoto, in charge of a Japanese sub was in the position of the USS Indy. At 12:04pm he fired, â€Å"the first torpedo hit the forward starboard or right side and blew an estimated sixty- feet of the bow skyward. It was simply obliterated. The second explosion occurred closer to midship and was even more massive† (102) the ship was blown in half. In this situation, all the captain could do was rely on his intuition and knowledge. As soon as this happen, Mcvay told Commander John Janney to head to radio room 1 and send out a distress message, that the ship had been hit by a torpedo. Mcvay’s message â€Å"we need assistance, on the double† (106). Mcvay needed Lt. Orr to help assist with the message but it was no use, the water had damaged both radio shack rooms. Mcvay now looked for further direction and support but was unsuccessful and knew he was in danger. Mcvay knew that the ship had acquired a lot of damage, but in his mind he felt strongly that the USS Indianapolis and his crew would be saved. There was absolutely nothing that Mcvay could to do stay clear of these torpedoes but wait for backup. Mcvay was left with two alternatives: Abandon ship and undergo possible court martial, or not abandon ship and lose more lives. Mcvay choose to abandon ship. It was the only choice he had left. Mcvay would take full responsibility for his actions. In this situation Mcvay could only fight for what he believed was right. Due to confusion and misunderstanding at the destination arrival port, the crew of the USS Indy would be left to fend for their selves for a long horrifying five days. Meanwhile, the surviving crew had been floating at sea for a shocking five days. Their bodies were deteriorated from the salt water. Broken arms and legs filled them with unbearable pain. The shark attacks were something out of a horror movie and the minutes felt like forever. â€Å"Don’t give up, men,† (179) Mcvay told his crew, while every moment he felt like giving up himself. Even though it wasn’t Mcvay fault, he began to fill with guilt. All communication had been cut off and there were no rescue boats or plans in sight for days, what more could Mcvay have done? On Thursday august 2nd, Lt. Wilbur Gwinn, a pilot of a Ventura scout bomber lost his weight from the navigational antenna in back of the plane. Turning back, to base, he would make a remarkable discovery. He described the scene as looking like an oil slick. As he followed the trail he wasn’t sure what it had come from, but he was now on a mission. Bodies were scattered everywhere. Floating men appeared covered in oil from the explosion, half eaten and exhausted. He immediately would call for rescue at 11:25, Lt. Gwinn sent out a message to the headquarters on Peleliu stating â€Å"sighted 30 survivors 011-30 North 133-30 East† (216). Unfortunately this was the first report of the USS Indy being lost. At his trail, Mcvay was charged with â€Å"failure to zigzag in conditions that it considered good with intermittent moonlight; and his failure to send out a distress message in a timely manner. † Those families that never saw their son or sons again, would later feel betrayed and lied to. The families were simply convinced that Mcvay was at fault. He was convicted and demoted 100 points in permanent rank and also in temporary rank, meaning he could never become admiral again and this meant his career was over. He was tough though. He was â€Å"a navy man and he would live and die by its rules† (267). With all the evidence that supported Mcvay, he was still convicted of the crime. This was not fair, Mcvay should have never been charged for someone else’s mistake. Life could have been much easier for him, if he had been rewarded with a metal of bravery and honor. As the years passed and a Christmas or any holiday would arrive, Mcvay would receive letters from the families who sons had died at sea blaming him for their death. He would collect save all the letters for a reminder of what he had done. Years went by and Charles Butler Mcvay III never again felt the same. He blamed himself for what went wrong. Captain Mcvay could no longer deal with the pain and remorse anymore. One evening he walked outside on to his back porch and shot himself in the head. People can’t imagine what it was like to be stranded in the Pacific Ocean and to not know if you are going to live or die. Only the survivors know how truly terrible this ordeal was. Many lives could have been saved if just one mistake could have been avoided, in a long line of mistakes. If the USS Indy had been escorted during the Peddie route, would this have saved the crew from undergoing an attack? What if Mcvay was never told to cease zigzagging in conditions that limited his view? Could this have prevented the torpedoes from hitting the Indy? Would it had mattered if the USS Indy’s distress call was heard and back up had arrived in time to save her from sinking? All of these could have possibly been avoided, but we will never know. What we know is that Charles Butler Mcvay III was convicted of a crime. He became the navy’s scapegoat. This was a terrible injustice and he was simply sent out In Harm’s Way. How to cite In Harms Way, Papers

Issues Relating to the Sharing Economy-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a business report that investigates and analyses the issues relating to the sharing economy from a business perspective by reading and analyzing relevant scholarly articles, using contemporary examples and providing a personal reflection. Answer: Introduction Share economy can be easily defined as the sharing of assets and services between private individual by the help of internet. It generally focuses on providing production, distribution, and consumption of goods which are mainly served by various people and organization (Hamari, Sjklint and Ukkonen, 2016). Sharing economy also focuses on providing a peer to peer platforms along with making use of the providers so as to exchange and purchase of goods. The main benefits which can be obtained from new technologies are driving sustainable economic and large number of benefits to environmental (Zervas, Proserpio, and Byers, 2017). This can be achieved only by cutting down on costs, conservation, and reduction of a large number of environmental impacts. Consumers, suppliers and on-demand technology are considered to be critical elements for the sharing economy. The report mainly consists of an explanation regarding sharing economy. After that, a brief description of the benefits and limitation of sharing economy has been provided. From the list of crowdsourcing websites, a suitable website has been selected. After that, a reflection has been provided share economy and its importance in the workplace. An analysis has been done regarding the future of sharing economy. Discussion Explanation of Sharing of economy Sharing of the economy is new kind of concept or idea in which various kinds of IT-based products or services are used, sharing along with leased for individuals and organization (Schor, 2016). It generally allows multiple kinds of end users to easily develop and consumption of a large number of IT services. It also focuses on purchasing and maintaining of them on individuals standards. Sharing economy is also known to be share economy, peer economy, mesh economy and makes it is known to be collaborative consumption. It generally targets economic targets individuals and organization (Cusumano, 2017). Sharing economy is for the individuals and organization which cannot easily target the cost of buying and maintaining of various kinds of IT based solution. This kind of concept is generally implemented by making use of consumption of the various kinds solution provided by the IT service providers. Crowdsourcing is considered to be another kind of platform which can easily help the engin eers, developers and other kinds of IT resource for the creation of application by working together for benefiting the end products and services. Cloud computing is known to be focused on sharing economy (Acharya et al., 2017). It is much focused to provide infrastructure for a largely established economy. Benefits of sharing economy The benefits of share economy have been described below: Resource utilization: It focuses on efficient utilization of resources which can easily provide better kind of matching in a particular kind of segment. The consumer is generally considered to be pivot or center in which the whole economy revolves (Edelman, Luca, and Svirsky, 2017). As the world becomes mobile, it is expected that most of the consumer can easily make use of information and services which are present at the bottom of it. On-demand services and other kinds of information related to work are considered an efficient basis. Job Creation: Sharing economy focus on increasing in a number of opportunities around the globe. With the emergence of sharing economy, a road to self-employment was made easier (Martin, 2016). Various kinds of technology platform focused on the creation of massive kinds of opportunities for employing delivering the address. Social Mobility: Share economy has focused on providing employment market to a large number of workers present in the market (Mhlmann, 2015). One of the vital benefits provided to the platform is the creation of a large number of job for people. Skill Development: Sharing economy allows people to make better utilization of skills and talents. Technological development has ultimately led to the improvement of technological skills. In addition to boasting of the technology of unorganized workforce, it also leads to investing in the behavior of skills of a large number of drivers (Ert, Fleischer and Magen, 2016). Limitation of the sharing economy There are several disadvantages of sharing economy some of them are listed below: Concern regarding the privacy and security: There exists the requirement of peoples on both sides of the transaction and they also need to forfeit some of the privacy in sharing economy. For example, whenever renting of a house is done it means that the strangers are being invited to the house but still the individual providing the rent has trust on the renters to be respectful and law-abiding but they cannot be 100% sure about what they follow through (Dillahunt and Malone 2015). This type issue is also applicable whenever a ride is being shared, selling or renting of an item is being done I an online marketplace and many other platforms. There exists few or no guarantee at all: Whenever a resource is being shared with others then it is also assumed that the risk of wont getting paid or the item that is being shared will be damaged. So it is better to say that there always exists the risk of damage to the item that is being used and also the risk of not getting paid as well (Dillahunt and Malone 2015). For example, in a talent marketplace, there exists a typical finite number of jobs for which an individual is qualified but there exists no guarantee of steady income or getting payments for the work that has been completed and the buyer is not satisfied with the work. Cooperation with others: Despite the benefits of sharing economy there still exists the need of cooperation between the people of each side of the transaction. This might also lead to tradeoffs which are responsible for putting constrain over the independence or self-reliance of an individual (Dillahunt and Malone 2015). This can be better understood with the use of an example that is when a co-working space is used means that the resources are being shared. The reason behind the use of crowdsourcing website From the list of website, Kickstarter is considered for this report because this website is considered to be useful for creating a large number of projects like the album or writing a book (Yoon, 2017). Kickstarter is considered to be funding platform in which creator can easily gather or share interest on a particular topic. It totally works by making use of crowdfunding which means that it makes use of general public money. In this website, every project is independently crafted while various kinds of funds can be easily gathered from the return of products. Creators can easily set a particular kind of page for displaying all the details of the project. Various kinds of project creators set up a funding goal along with deadline (Schor, and Fitzmaurice, 2015). It also focuses on providing or seating of a large number of goals at different levels. Kickstarter is considered to be a great platform as not every kind of people gets approval from it. All or nothing funding is considered t o be core or important part of Kickstarter. It generally provides a large number of advantages like It is generally considered to be less risky for a large number of people. Without the help of funds various kinds of backers cannot be easily charged (Malhotra and Van Alstyne, 2014). In many cases, it is seen that it motivates by adding a sense of urgency which ultimate focus motivates the whole communities. It focuses on providing for funding goals for the organizations. Sharing economy funding request The whole idea or logic of share economy is considered to be too old. Sharing is generally known to be the best way for a gathering of a large number of resources. In many cases, it has been seen that this is much cheaper along with being sustainable for many peoples (Cohen and Kietzmann, 2014). The whole logic of share economy is generally known to be broader one and as it does not have any kind of sharing model associated with it. Crowdfunding is proven to provide a large range of investors. Likely of a request for succeeding Crowdfunding provides a sharing economy which can bring benefits to various kinds of stakeholders. Around the globe, this whole process claims to provide crowdfunding which is taken to have the best kind of ways for raising the capital. It also addresses to make use of resources, social mobility by providing a large number of jobs to people. Revenue seems to be lost if is considered to be unused in a large number of private sectors (Sundararajan, 2016). The final result of sharing economy would include the creation of a request for more job opportunities. Share economy is proven to provide transformation along with providing benefits to many people. Sharing talent focus providing transformation and providing benefits to a large number of people. Sharing economy is also associated with providing the development for a certain number of skills and also focus people to easily make use of a large number of resources. The contribution of the project to share economy Definitely the project would be providing a lot of benefit in an improved and better way and this would be done by providing a large number of ways so as to minimize and exchange the various kinds of services. After assembling along with innovation platform it will ultimately focus on increasing large number of goods and services for the people (Sundararajan, 2016). Transportation generally provides a platform which can be easily used for creating flexibility to a large number of users. Reflection of sharing economy for personally at a workplace Share economy can easily result in any kind of digital transformation which focus on peer to peer communication for various kinds of goods and services. The shared workplace has easily undergone a large number of ways for understanding the transition. Co-working is known to be shared workplace in which is an idea has been providing regarding traditional services (Sundararajan, 2016). Co-working is generally occupied by various kinds of independent workers which tends to work outside the home. Sharing economy can easily transform the composition of the various kinds of the workforce and many kinds of organization which can easily have the possibility of linking their headquarters. Sharing economy is not only associated with the transformation of the whole composition of the workplace but this has also been designed so as to provide a work environment where it is possible for anyone to hold the impact (Sundararajan, 2016). Share economy is considered to have various kinds of the digita l platform which can easily make use of different goods and services. When the projection of untapped kind of market is done then it will ultimately lead to the boosting up of the confidence of investor while starting the co-working with others. At present co-working spaces are being largely used for independent kind of cost-effective place which is generally considered to be outside the home. It claims to provide flexibility, lower cost of value and attraction of a large number of solution. Future of share economy Share economy is a well-known topic which claims to have gathered a lot of attention in short span of time. Sharing can be easily defined as a kind of economy in which various kinds of resources can be easily used in much cheaper and efficient way (Sundararajan, 2016). The whole world has witnessed a steep rise and penetration of share economy which has been aided by the growth of digital platform and also the willingness of various kinds of a platform for peer to peer based business models. Now people are moving where a large number of people are making use of resources and produces goods and services. Various large companies make use of this digital platform for drawing a large number of resources (Sundararajan, 2016). Sharing economy makes use of individuals and group members for making money from the huge amount of resources. In the near future, the crowd based capitalism is expected to spread in a large number of sectors. Although the healthcare sector is expected to have sluggi sh in the domain of various kinds of advancement and digital kinds of the platform which offer non- emergency along with health services which are emerging to be marked as a reader of future development economy. Conclusion The above report concludes us to the fact that sharing economy is known to be vital for the various organization in near future. An explanation has been provided regarding sharing economy and it has been provided after reviewing a large number of scholarly articles. Various benefits and limitation of share economy have also been described in details in this report. A various crowdsourcing website is there but, a particular website has been chosen for this purpose which is kickstart. Various reasons have been provided for making use of this website. Along with this, an idea has also been proposed regarding the crowdfunding request associated with its alignment with the share. The economy has been choosing in this way. A list of reasons has been put forward for the fact that whether the request will be successfully implemented or not. In the end, a list of reasons has been provided regarding the fact that sharing economy is and contribution in the various kinds of the workplace. After that, an idea has been provided regarding the future of share of the economy. Various kinds of benefits of share economy like utilization of resources, job creation, social mobility and development of skill have been provided in the above pages of the report. In the above pages of the report, an analysis has been done regarding crowdsourcing and its importance in the creation of various kinds of IT solutions. References Acharya, V. V., Bergant, K., Crosignani, M., Eisert, T., McCann, F., Economy, R. (2017, September). The Anatomy of the Transmission of Macroprudential Policies: Evidence from Ireland. In16th International Conference on Credit Risk Evaluation, Interest Rates, Growth, and Regulation, September(pp. 28-29). Cheng, M., 2016. Sharing economy: A review and agenda for future research.International Journal of Hospitality Management,57, pp.60-70. Cohen, B. and Kietzmann, J., 2014. Ride on! Mobility business models for the sharing economy.Organization Environment,27(3), pp.279-296. Cusumano, M.A., 2017. How traditional firms must compete in the sharing economy.Communications of the ACM,58(1), pp.32-34. Dillahunt, T.R. and Malone, A.R., 2015, April. The promise of the sharing economy among disadvantaged communities. InProceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 2285-2294). ACM. Edelman, B., Luca, M. and Svirsky, D., 2017. Racial discrimination in the sharing economy: Evidence from a field experiment.American Economic Journal: Applied Economics,9(2), pp.1-22. Ert, E., Fleischer, A. and Magen, N., 2016. Trust and reputation in the sharing economy: The role of personal photos in Airbnb.Tourism Management,55, pp.62-73. Fraiberger, S.P. and Sundararajan, A., 2015. Peer-to-peer rental markets in the sharing economy. Hamari, J., Sjklint, M. and Ukkonen, A., 2016. The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,67(9), pp.2047-2059. Koopman, C., Mitchell, M. and Thierer, A., 2014. The sharing economy and consumer protection regulation: The case for policy change.J. Bus. Entrepreneurship L.,8, p.529. Malhotra, A. and Van Alstyne, M., 2014. The dark side of the sharing economy and how to lighten it.Communications of the ACM,57(11), pp.24-27. Martin, C.J., 2016. The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?.Ecological Economics,121, pp.149-159. Mhlmann, M., 2015. Collaborative consumption: determinants of satisfaction and the likelihood of using a sharing economy option again.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,14(3), pp.193-207. Schor, J., 2016. DEBATING THE SHARING ECONOMY.Journal of Self-Governance Management Economics,4(3). Schor, J.B. and Fitzmaurice, C.J., 2015. 26. Collaborating and connecting: the emergence of the sharing economy.Handbook of research on sustainable consumption,410. Sundararajan, A., 2016.The sharing economy: The end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism. Mit Press. Yoon, S., 2017.TRANSITIONS OF TRUST ACROSS DIFFERENT BUSINESS CONTEXT: IMPACT OF THE SHARING ECONOMY ON THE LODGING INDUSTRY(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas). Zervas, G., Proserpio, D. and Byers, J.W., 2017. The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry.Journal of Marketing Research,54(5), pp.687-705

Areopagitica By Milton Essays - Book Censorship, English Civil War

Areopagitica By Milton What is the meaning of virtue? Milton answers this question in his speech Areopagitica. Milton will dicuss his meaning of virtue and show his anger at Parliament in the speech. He knows by their actions that Parliament does not know the true meaning of virtue. To understand Areopagitica, you must first understand the reasoning behind the writing. Milton, being a Puritan, did not agree with the beliefs upheld by the Roman Catholics. Free will and free speech was the center of his soul, and to have them governed and censored by Parliament was an outrage. He knew that they did not truly understand what virtue was and did not want to hear any explanation. "In Areopagitica he definitely adopts the doctrine of free will and turns against the predestination of the Presbyterians" (Tillyard 136). Milton's beliefs at the time of his writing was that man is born with the seeds of good and evil and if the opportunity arises, some men will choose the evil way. He wants everyone to understand that man, no matter who the person is, has a choice in determining which road to take. Milton is realistic when he Henderson 2 writes because he knows he is fighting a battle that is weighted against him. He feels the power of the Parliament, but he knows the possibility for victory is evident. Even this possibility does not deter him from realizing that he is still dealing with man who has the choice to do good or evil. "But in Areopagitica beneath the excitement of hope there can be detected the whisper of doubt" (Tillyard 135). Milton tries to explain the meaning of virtue in his writing with the hopes that Parliament will heed what he is saying. Milton explains to them that good and evil walk hand in hand and that man has the choice of free will. This choice gives man the chance to say no to evil and choose to do good. He writes of how Adam had the choice to do good, but instead he chose to eat the fruit and evil was introduced. From this deed, man has to make the choice of his own free will. "He that can apprehend and consider vice with all her baits and seeming pleasures, and yet abstain, and yet distinguish, and yet prefer that which is truly better, he is the true warfaring Christian" (Milton 778). The free will of man means the ability to choose what to read, speak or do, and to censor these choices of life is not the true Christian way of life. Milton wanted Parliament and the Roman Catholics to understand this no matter what it cost him. Bibliography Milton, John. John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. New York: Macmillan. 1957 778 Tillyard, E. M. W. Milton. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. 1967. 135-136

Venus in Furs Book Review

'Venus in Furs' Book Review Not many writers have the distinction or the notoriety of having a psycho-sexual term named after them. The astonishing and ingenious sexual cruelties in the Marquis de Sades works, particularly in The 120 Days of Sodom, have made his name a byword, and in 1890 the German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing introduced the word sadism into medical terminology (even though the sole manuscript of The 120 Days of Sodom had yet to be discovered and published, the full fury of which would wildly intensify the meaning of the term). Historian and Progressive Thinker Fittingly in the shadow of the overpowering de Sade, the Austrian writer Leopold von Sacher-Masoch inspired the term for sadism’s flip-side, masochism, which was also introduced by Krafft-Ebing. Von Sacher-Masoch was a historian, folklorist, collector of stories, and progressive thinker, but even though he produced dozens of books in any number of genres, he’s almost solely known for his infamous novella Venus in Furs (its the only work translated into English). Initially meant to be part of an epic novel-sequence called (Sacher-Masoch abandoned that plan after a few volumes), Venus in Furs was published as the fourth part of the first book, which was entitled, Love. Each book was named after one of the â€Å"evils† that Cain introduced into the world, and with this underlying premise- that love is an evil- von Sacher-Masoch reveals a seriously uneasy view of human relations. Venus in Furs - Beginnings The book starts with an epigraph from the Bibles book of Judith, which narrates the story of a clever and powerful woman beheading Holofernes, an Assyrian general. An unnamed narrator, then, opens the book with a strange dream of an icy Venus, who wears furs and who leads a philosophical discussion about how women’s cruel nature increases mans desire. When the narrator awakens, he goes to meet with his friend Severin, to whom he relates his dream. ​ Introducing Severin Severin is a strange and sober man who at times, the narrator relates, had violent attacks of sudden passion and gave the impression of being about to ram his head right through a wall.† Noticing a painting in Severins room depicting a northern Venus who wears furs and holds a lash that she uses to subjugate a man who is clearly a younger Severin himself, the narrator wonders aloud if the painting perhaps inspired his dream. After a short discussion, a young woman enters to bring tea and food for the pair, and to the narrator’s astonishment, a very slight offense on the woman’s part causes Severin to berate, whip, and chase her from the room. Explaining that you have to â€Å"break† a woman rather than let her break you, Severin produces a manuscript from his desk that tells how he was ostensibly â€Å"cured† of his obsession with being dominated by women. Confessions of a Suprasensual Man Entitled â€Å"Confessions of a Suprasensual Man,† this manuscript comprises all but the last few pages of the rest of the novel. Entering into this frame, the narrator (and the reader) finds Severin at a Carpathian health resort where he meets and falls in love with a woman named Wanda, with whom he draws up and signs a contract that makes him her legal slave and gives her full power over him. At first, because she seems to like him and enjoys his company, Wanda shies away from the degradations that Severin asks her to subject him to, but as she slowly allows herself to take up her dominant role, she takes greater pleasure in torturing him and increasingly grows to despise him for how he allows her to treat him. Leaving the Carpathian mountains for Florence, Wanda makes Severin dress and act like a common servant, forcing him to sleep in disgusting quarters and keeping him isolated from her company unless needed to serve some whim or another. These changes make Severin feel the palpable reality of his desires- a reality that he was in no way prepared for- but although he loathes his detestable new position, he finds himself unable to resist (and to keep from requesting) new humiliations. At times Wanda offers to put an end to their game  because she still has feelings of affection toward him, but those feelings fade as her mantle of power gives her free rein to use Severin for her increasingly twisted devices. The breaking point comes when Wanda finds a nearly superhuman lover in Florence and decides to make Severin subject to him as well. Unable to bear subjugation to another man, Severin ultimately finds himself â€Å"cured† of his need to be dominated by women. Telescoping back to the novel’s outer frame, the narrator, who’s seen Severin’s current cruelty toward women, asks him for â€Å"the moral† to all of this, and Severin answers that a woman can only be a man’s slave or despot, adding the caveat that this imbalance can only be remedied â€Å"when she has the same rights as he and is his equal in education and work.† This egalitarian last touch squares with von Sacher-Masoch’s socialist leanings, but clearly the events and stresses of the novel- which were mirrored closely in von Sacher-Masoch’s personal life, both before and after writing it- prefer wallowing in inequity much more that eradicating it. And this has been the novel’s main appeal for readers ever since. Unlike the works of the great de Sade, which soar as striking feats of both writing and imagination, Venus in Furs is much more of a literary curio than an artistic piece of literature. Its symbolic orders are muddled; its philosophical excursions are both ponderous and corny; and although its characters are vivid and memorable, they too often fall into â€Å"types† rather than exist as fully explored individuals. Still, it’s a curious and often enjoyable read, and whether you take it as literature or as psychology- or as erotica- there’s no question that this book’s whip will leave a distinct mark on your imagination.

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Essay

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Ones in Assisted Living Facilities - Essay Example ructured interviews allows for responses such as 'I started feeling a little resentful' (p10), an emotion which may not be typically associated with ailing relatives. There are fewer assumptions being placed on the data being collected, which leaves more room for hypothesis generation. Weaknesses of the Research by Sanderson & Meyers (2008) There are strengths, outlined above, of qualitative data that are applicable to this study. Correspondingly, there are weaknesses. Firstly, it can be hard to generate data and representations of this data for use in the published paper (Thorne, Kirkham & MacDonald-Emes, 1997). This can make it difficult for both readers and researchers to visualize the topic in a meaningful way (Carr, 1994). This lack of data also makes comparisons with other studies and individuals within the study more difficult, as the qualitative data collected is more difficult to graph. There are ways around this. One way to generate a more numeric version of the qualitative data is to use a technique called coding, which relies on giving mentioned words certain values and evaluating them in this way (Holloway & Wheeler, 2009). In the context of nursing, many heath bodies want results that can be applied in a meaningful way to the healthcare industry, and this can often be a challenge for qualitative data (Carr, 1994). Another issue with qualitative research that applies to this essay is that because of the complex nature of collecting data via interview or analysing long-answer responses to a questionnaire. This means that the sample size of qualitative studies is often far smaller than those in quantitative studies, making it harder to generalize the results to the population (Kuper et al, 2008). Sanderson & Meyers (2008) recognize this, and suggest that... This paper has primarily focused on the weaknesses of the study thus far. There are, however, many strengths as would be expected from a paper published in a peer-reviewed journal. The paper clearly explains the aims of the research, and this is reflected in the succinct title and abstract. Generally, the paper achieves what it sets out to do, which is give detailed responses from those with relatives in assisted-living facilities to illustrates the difficulties of putting the elderly in care. The research design was appropriate for this, because they wished to get detailed responses, which could not have been gathered using a quantitative study. Sanderson & Mayer clearly understand the limitations of their study and incorporate this into their discussion, whilst forewarning about generalizability and making assumptions. The research also performs well ethically. The researchers recruited people from an event, and therefore the participants were well-versed on how the study would proceed and what their responses would be used for. In this sense, the paper succeeds in achieving its aims whilst behaving in an ethical manner. There is no clear indication of the relationship between the researcher and the participant but it can be assumed that this was anonymous, confidential and private from the description of the interview location

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Economics - Essay Example (Simpson, et al., 1) The Federal Reserve System is made up of twelve regional banks located in San Francisco, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Chicago, St. Louis, Atlanta, Cleveland, Richmond, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. Private banks own stock in the twelve regional banks, this is what funds the twelve Federal Reserve Regional banks. The twelve regional banks are made up of regions listed below: Another component of the Federal Reserve System is the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. The Federal Reserve Board of Governors is appointed by the President of the United States of America, but confirmed by the Senate. The seven member board serves can only serve a maximum of fourteen years, with a member serving one term at time of two years. The only exception is the Chairman of the Board and the Vice Chairman, who serve four year terms. However, the fourteen year limit also applies to them. The only way a board member can be removed is by the president for cause. The current board members are Ben S. Benmanke, Chairman, Donald L. Kohn, Vice Chairman, Susan Schmidt Bies, Kevin M. Warsh, Randall S. Krosnzer, and Frederic S. Mishkin (The Federal Reserve Board). This Board of Governors is an independent governmental agency. They oversee the twelve regional banks, plus the numerous private banks owning stock in the regional reserve banks. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is a committee made up of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, plus four other Federal Reserve Regional Bank presidents that serve on a alternate schedule. This committee reviews the open market. The open market being the buying and selling of government securities. This way the committee can determine monetary and credit conditions. The FOMC also oversees the foreign currency exchange rate. The FOMC is extremely important part of the Federal Reserve System,

Defining leadership as a process and property

Defining leadership as a process and property In defining leadership Jago (1982, p.315) states leadership is both a process and a property. The process involves influencing group members to undertake activities that will lead to the accomplishment of the group objective, while the property refers to the set of characteristics believed to be held by those with influence. Leadership theory began by focusing on traits but has since followed a varied course in the search for conclusive evidence on the factors that affect leadership. In this report we will focus on the dyadic process of leadership, looking at the leader as an individual (Lussier Achua, 2009) and will assume that leadership effectiveness will only be understood by looking at the influence of the leader on their followers. We will concentrate on three major theories trait, behavioural or style and situational. Trait Lussier Achua (2009, p. 16) proposes that leadership trait theories attempt to explain distinctive characteristics accounting for leadership effectiveness. Traits were initially thought to be innate or heritable qualities of the individual(Zaccaro,J.S,2007)   This perspective shifted to include all the other enduring qualities that distinguished leaders from Non-leaders. (Kiripatrick and Locke,1991 as cited in Zaccaro,J.S.,2007) There is strong evidence to prove that traits contribute significantly towards leader effectiveness, leader emergence, and leader advancement.()The following are some of the traits which each of us believed lacked in us following group discussion: Decisiveness Barlet Decisiveness is often identified as a key trait in leadership (Ghiselli, 1971 as cited in Lussier, 2008). It involves the ability to logically analyze a situation and make a decision in a timely manner. A leaders decisiveness also provides clarity and direction and gives others confidence in that leader. Readiness to make decisions was identified as a key personality trait that predicted a managerial advancement (Howard Bray, 1983 as cited in Hogan, Curphy and Hogan, 1994). Barlet has identified decisiveness as a weakness, especially in high stress situations where a quick and effective decision was required. After discussing with the group and analysing situations where Barlet lacked that ability to make the decision, it has been identified a number of steps to improve decisiveness. One was to have a procedure where a situation could be analysed and decision made quickly. Its also important to trust yourself and not be afraid of making the wrong decision. Motivation Saran Motivation is a key element of any type of leadership, whether the leader is informal, bureaucratic or and expert it is vital for the individual to be motivated. Three types of motivation stand out with regards to leadership. The first is the goals to which human behaviour is directed, the seconded involves how these goals are selected and pursued and the last involves the process of influencing others. (Huczynski and Buchanan, 1991) After discussion of these three factors with regard to Sarans ability to lead, we found some serious flaws in his motivation. The clearest point that emerged from the discussion was that to lead one must be able to achieve the targets of the task, build and develop the team and have concern for the individuals in the team. (Pettinger, 2007)   It was found that Saran had a clear and genuine concern for the individuals he was responsible for. The problems arose when trying to achieve the task. This problem was there because the goals to which his behaviour was directed did not compliment the task. The priority that Saran gave was based on his own goals, what motivates him to do the task in hand was not what necessarily what motivated Saran. This ultimately led to the problem becoming more and more difficult, and in many cases a serious trade off between time and quality had to be made.   This task has lead Saran to look at the basic attitudes towards goals, by changing this we beli eve he will be able to look at the prioritisation of tasks in a whole new light, completely transforming his ability qto   leaded. Self-confidence Jenny Research on leadership traits has consistently shown that self-confidence is considered to be an important characteristic (Hollenbeck Hall, 2004). McCormick (2001, p.) describes self-confidence as the following: Self-confidence refers to peoples self-judgement of their capabilities and skills, or their perceived competence to deal successfully with the demands of a variety of situations.   Up to now Jenny has persistently shown a lack of self-confidence when undertaking tasks and leading others. She feels particularly uncomfortable when she has to make a decision for a group as she usually has doubts about whether or not it is the correct decision. The group suggested that by increasing her task understanding, by breaking it into specific components, and knowledge Jenny could become more confident as she would have evidence to support her decision making. Hollenbeck and Hall (2004) suggests that self-confidence is built up by a process of taking a small risk and making progress to wards achieving a certain goal. Success in this will lead to increased confidence in your abilities. therefore Jenny would need to begin to take small risks also. Initiative Sandy Initiative has been defined as a leading action or a commencing movement, often associated with the first action of a matter. Effective leaders take initiative. This involves being proactive and making decisions that lead to change instead of just reacting to events or waiting for others to take action (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991). In most situations, Sandy has been finding it difficult to demonstrate initiative because she has high agreeableness, and very often prefer to listen to other members suggestions. She lacks self-assurance that she is uncertain about her own opinion, and therefore finds other peoples opinion more favourable. Research on leadership and personality has stated the importance of initiative and persistence in relation to effective leadership, and so by having other qualities such as conscientious and tenacity which are related to the above traits may help (Judge et.al., 2002). Sandy felt she do not have experiences in taking initiative because she felt she is n ot knowledgeable and informative enough. Our group agreed that Sandy should believe in herself and try to improve by gaining more knowledge, and do not have fear to speak up and be arrogant in a good way. Dominance Athmika Dominance was amongst one of the important traits associated with leadership and leader perception (Mann, 1959, as cited in Lord, De Vader and Alliger, 1986). Smith and Foti (1998) have listed several studies that show that dominance has positive correlations with leadership perceptions and people that score high in dominance tend to find themselves in a leadership position. Anderson and Kilduff (2009) found that people who are deemed as being highly dominant in relation to traits were likely to be categorized by other group members as more competent than they actually are. Athmika has always been a team player and values team opinions over hers. From her personal experiences and while discussing with the team, she realised dominance was a trait she lacked the most. To be more dominant, she should have faith in her ideas and be able to influence her group with her ideas. She can do this by reading extensively about the task which would guide her to make   informed decisions. Also, she should voice her opinion out strongly which would make her feel more in control of the situation. Behavioral Leadership theory progressed from researching traits to looking at the impact of behaviour style. Two main types emerged from the research body; task and relationship behaviours. Task behaviours facilitate goal accomplishment (Northouse, 2004) and relationship behaviours focus on how comfortable subordinates feel in a situation (Northouse, 2004). Communication Barlet Communication is essentially the ability to transmit a message from one person to the other, whether this is information, an idea, a feeling or an emotion (Pardey, 2007). Pardey (2007) also identifies communication as one of five critical skills for all leaders and according to Bass (1990, cited by Bligh and Hess, 2007) as communications distinguishes leaders who are successful and effective from those who are not. An effective leader is one who has a deep understanding of others and has the ability to establish a shared vision and motivate those around them (Parker and Stone, 2003). Effective communication is instrumental for all those things to occur and frequently it is the solution to many difficulties faced by an organization (Ashman and Lawler, 2008). So far Barlet has not been particularly effective in communicating his ideas clearly, and this in some cases has undermined the quality and depth of his work. After discussing this with the team members, it was identified that ora l communication and presentation skills specifically were his weaknesses and it was suggested that thorough knowledge of the subject being discussed as well as practice would help in getting the message through and eventually improve communication. Improving tolerance Saran Tolerance is described in many sources as a prerequisite to leadership, not having it places a cloud over ones judgment and leads to inefficient use of resources. Drucker 1993 believed to achieve results, one has to use all the available strengths the strengths of the associates A lack of tolerant behaviour comes from two elements, ones own ego and personal aspirations, as well as the personality and views held. This as an issue as not being able to get the full use of the people being lead is a poor form of leadership. After discussion it was found that this behaviour became more dangerous when leading people who are described as total miss-fits and poor fits by the eligibility versus suitability quadrant. Trusting others ideas Jenny Jenny sees herself as task focused. When working on projects she has difficulty trusting others to deliver top quality work. She finds herself carefully double checking other team members work and this can make the team members feel degraded. According to Blake Moutons Managerial Grid ® she would have an Authority-Compliance style. This makes her concern for results high but her concern for people is at the lower end of the spectrum. Based on this Managerial Grid one way that Jennys behaviour could be altered would be to engage in more people focused activities. She could become more concerned in the interests, needs and problems of her followers (Doyle Smith, 2001). The group suggested that one way to also improve this was match the task at hand to the abilities of each group member, meaning that Jennys trust in them would be increased by her knowledge that they were skilled in that task. Another suggestion was to attempt to communicate more clearly to the group members the task requirements and thus reduce ambiguity. Finally Yukl, Gordon and Taber (2002) suggest that increasing time spent monitoring may make leaders more effective. Giving instructions Sandy As leadership is about gaining power to influence others through communication (Northouse, 2010), it is essential that a leader should be able to give instructions. Lussier and Achua believes that in any supervisory role, such as how well a manager give instructions will directly affect their leadership ability of leading and motivating employees in accomplishing the task (Lussier and Achua, 2003). Sandy finds it difficult to state her objective in a precise and clear manner, due to the lack of confidence and partly because she is not able to use her voice effectively to catch the attention. Therefore, her message becomes difficult to transmit and deliver to other people. Moreover, Sandy described herself as the democratic decision-making leadership style, that she allows people to make their own decisions and only state her opinion in the final stage of the discussion (Lewins leadership style). Therefore, she often fails to give instructions as a leader and become more of a facilita tor when reaching consensus in the group. In order to improve, she should develop a relationship with her group and become more empathic in their needs, as well as checking the receivers understanding to ensure they know what objectives they have to attain. And also make sure these tasks are achievable and have it done by a certain amount of time. Sandy should use her influence power and be more persuasive as an authority to follow up at these situations (Lussier and Achua, 2003). Time Management Athmika Schuler (1979, p. 854, as cited by Macan, 1994) asserted that time management means less stress for individuals, which means more efficient, satisfied, healthy employees, which in turn means more effective organizations. Athmika has always faced problems with proper time allocation of her work. She tends to procrastinate her work until the impending deadline. This leads to unnecessary stress and has also impeded her performance significantly. On discussion with the group, the group suggested that Athmika has to be more task-oriented and should organize her work as described under initiating structure in the Ohio state studies (Stogdill, 1974, as cited in Northouse, 2004). She should prioritize her work by preparing time audits. She also can improve her time management skills by setting realistic and attainable goals. Situational Leadership Fielder (1967) stated that there is no ideal leader, and that both relationship-oriented and task-oriented leaders can be effective if their leadership style fits the situation. Fielders Contingency Theory is one theory where the effectiveness of a leaders behaviour is determined by the situation he or she confronts. Fiedler stated that it was much easier for individuals to find a situation that matched their leadership style than to change their style to fit the situation (Stroh, Northcraft and Neale, 2002). In contrast to this, the Situational Leadership Model suggests that leaders should adopt their style. Hersey and Blanchard (1993, as cited in Fernandez and Vecchio, 1997) stated that leaders are most effective when they employ a leadership style which is most appropriate to the situation they face and to the followers readiness and maturity to complete the task. Path-Goal theory is another model which states that an effective leader is able to clarify the path to various goals o f interest and provide the opportunity/path for the follower to achieve such goals. This then should promote job satisfaction, leader acceptance and high effort (Stroh, Northcraft and Neale, 2002). Delegating situations Barlet Delegating is one of the four leadership styles characterized by Hersey and Blanchard (1977 as cited in Graeff, 1997). It involves the leader passing tasks or responsibilities to an individual or group while the leader is still involved in monitoring the progress. So far, Barlet has not been particularly effective in these situations, and this has often delayed progress and limited performance as he. This has mainly been due to his lack of trust in the team members ability to do a certain task, but also due to his indecisiveness. Hersey (1985) stated that a good leader develops the competence and commitment of their people so theyre self-motivated rather than dependent on others for direction and guidance and in this case, the leaders high expectations causes high performance by the followers. Therefore trusting your people and showing confidence in them by passing responsibility and allowing them to complete a task will get the best out of your team and it is a situation where Barle t needs to improve. While playing vLeader, Barlets natural style was very directing, speaking most of the time and controlling the conversation and kept scenario length very short. In scenario one, Barlet did most of the work in every idea and did not let Olie participate or speak much. While in this case it worked, in many other situations the leader has to focus on the overall objective and delegation becomes more important. This was clearly demonstrated in the Wolfgang Keller case study (Gabarro, 1997 (part of module readings)) where Keller realised that being able to delegate operations was important in allowing him to progress further in the organisation. Supporing situations Sara Supporting situations require a low directive and highly supportive behaviour. (Northouse, 2004)   Ã‚  The S3 square in the four leadership styles is a situation where the task receives more focus than the people.   Being able to act with this leadership quality would allow a leader to flourish in a situation where low motivation   and a some level of skills were present. This situation is becoming more prevalent as Druckers knowledge worker theory become more common place in the work place. Saran finds that when leading a team he does not always actively acknowledge another team members input, this will lead to individuals feeling that they have not been appreciated. After discussion it was decided that Saran should be more empathetic and less task orientated. He could achieve this by   dedicating more time to handing out instructions for the task. Setting goals could also play a part with regular progress reviews forcing a more supportive role. Another strategy could also b e to change his leadership style to a less authoritarian one. Unstructured situations Jenny A situation where Jenny felt she was weak in terms of leadership was one with little structure or direction on how to complete it. Typically in these situations Jenny finds herself being hesitant to direct the group in case she is not undertaking the correct procedure to get a positive end result. Fiedlers Contingency Theory (1964, as cited in Northouse, 2004, p. 109) looks at the impact of a unstructured situation in terms of leadership. Fiedlers Contingency Theory attempts to match the leaders style to the situation as a means of attaining effective leadership. Fiedlers model is based on the leader being task or relationship focused. Situational variables are also taken into account and these are characterised by looking at three factors: leader member relations, task structure and position power (Northouse, 2004). This theory does not however offer an explanation of what can be changed if the leader style cannot be matched to the situation. The group came up with several ways in w hich Jenny could improve in this situation. These included focusing on the goal of the task and try to use the other team members to contribute ideas about how to develop a plan to reach it. Jago (1982) also mentions that in such situations one should try to alter the situational variables by training although the usefulness of such training is not unequivocal. Stressful Situation Sandy Sandy often feels difficult in dealing with stressful situations, especially in demanding situations that focused specifically the performance of her work in a social environment setting. There are conventional views of leaders being a crucial and significant impact on their performance in organizations, that they are constrained with respect to different performance outcomes (Thomas, 1988). The Cognitive resource theory also proposed that stress has been a key factor and had a great impact in determining how intelligence can affect performance (Fielder 1987). And therefore in most stressful situations, since intelligence become less important but higher performance is required; Sandy experienced difficulty in using her knowledge to solve problems and these expectations has created an uncomfortable and undesirable feeling in which Sandy felt challenging in accomplishing the tasks. Situational Leadership theory by Blanchard (1985) discussed that different leadership style has to be ap plied appropriately to a given situation, depending on the competence and commitments of the subordinates (Northouse, 2004). So Sandy should try to include both directive (task-orientated) behaviours and supportive (relationship-orientated) behaviours, and focuses on goal achievement, and also be supportive and meet the needs of the subordinates (Northouse, 2004). To improve, Sandy should try to anticipate and plan ahead, establish objectives and goals at an early stage, and to prepare herself for the unexpected. She also needs to reflect on her performance, learn from the failure experiences and make necessary changes. Directing unfamiliar situations Athmika Athmika finds herself handicapped when faced with new, unfamiliar, or critical situations when the team faces a challenge where she is required to take on a directive leadership style. Directive leadership is defined as providing the members with a framework for decision making and action in alignment with the leaders vision (Fiedler, 1989, 1995; Sagie, 1997; Stogdill, 1974, as cited by Somech 2006, p. 135). Being directive requires the leader to communicate their knowledge and expertise to the group and also telling them how to complete the work (Murphy, Blyth Fielder, 1992). In order to lead in such situations, the group suggested that Athmika should have a good working knowledge of the task and a clear vision on how to achieve it. Athmika should play an active role in problem solving and decision making in order to be more directive (Bass, 1981, as cited in Murphy, Blyth Fielder, 1992). Conclusion Hackman and Wageman (2007) believe that despite the reams of research that have been conducted on leadership the field still remains notably unformed. Building on this Zaccaro (2007) states that within the trait theory of leadership a general consensus has also yet to emerge from the research regarding the role of leader traits, the degree of their influence and how they influence leadership, and the part they play in leadership situations. However leadership is still seen as being an important construct to undertake research on as well as being important as a social phenomenon (Hackman Wageman, 2007). Avolio has proposed the idea that new research are required to acknowledge how leaders have learnt from their past experiences, particularly how they respond and cope in difficult situations. Failure and error has provided opportunities for learning than success, and these experiences will generate data to affect ones assumptions and actions for improvements next time (Hackman Wageman, 2007). However, such decisions are not easy because it require an individual to overcome ones own reasoning, mental model, behaviour routines and may provoke anxiety (Hackman Wageman, 2007). One may argue that if we have already developed a leadership style, it will be rather fixed and consistent that will be difficult to change, others may argue that leadership styles should be changed according to situations in order to be more effective. Fielders contingency theory (1964) has introduced the idea that leadership effectiveness is depending on the suitability of the leader assign to a particular cont ext. As a result, different leadership styles will be matched to different situations; and therefore our group believe that there are still room for improvement for our traits and behaviours to match with a specific situation.